diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index a7d8f05..cf87a09 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@
 add_subdirectory(core)
 add_subdirectory(data)
 add_subdirectory(net)
+add_subdirectory(render)
 add_subdirectory(app)
diff --git a/src/app/CMakeLists.txt b/src/app/CMakeLists.txt
index 61a39a7..cd9cf42 100644
--- a/src/app/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/app/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ target_link_libraries(geopro_desktop PRIVATE
   geopro_core        # Phase 1：ColorScale 上色
   geopro_data        # Phase 2：本地样本仓储（对象树 / 网格 / 色阶）
   geopro_net         # Phase 3：登录（验证码 + RSA + login2）
+  geopro_render      # Phase 4：render 层（Scene / GridContourActor / 相机预设）
 )
 
 vtk_module_autoinit(TARGETS geopro_desktop MODULES ${VTK_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/src/app/main.cpp b/src/app/main.cpp
index ef6905a..7a6fe55 100644
--- a/src/app/main.cpp
+++ b/src/app/main.cpp
@@ -4,17 +4,21 @@
 // 数据：docs/剖面网格数据的色阶数据2等文件/（真实样本，UTF-8 中文路径，经 QFile 读取）。
 
 #include <fstream>
+#include <memory>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <QActionGroup>
 #include <QApplication>
 #include <QDialog>
 #include <QFormLayout>
 #include <QLabel>
 #include <QMainWindow>
 #include <QSurfaceFormat>
+#include <QToolBar>
 #include <QTreeWidget>
 #include <QTreeWidgetItem>
+#include <QVBoxLayout>
 #include <QWidget>
 
 #include <DockManager.h>
@@ -28,106 +32,16 @@
 #include "AuthService.hpp"
 #include "login/LoginWindow.hpp"
 
+#include "CameraPreset.hpp"
+#include "Scene.hpp"
+#include "actors/GridContourActor.hpp"
+
 #include <QVTKOpenGLStereoWidget.h>
-#include <vtkActor.h>
-#include <vtkBandedPolyDataContourFilter.h>
-#include <vtkCamera.h>
-#include <vtkDataSetSurfaceFilter.h>
-#include <vtkDoubleArray.h>
 #include <vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow.h>
-#include <vtkImageData.h>
-#include <vtkLookupTable.h>
-#include <vtkNew.h>
-#include <vtkPointData.h>
-#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
-#include <vtkProperty.h>
 #include <vtkRenderer.h>
 
 namespace {
 
-// 把 core 模型（Grid + ColorScale）渲染为 banded contour（填充面 + 黑色等值线）。
-// 入参是已加载的 core 模型，不读文件（数据加载由 Repository 负责）。
-void renderGrid(vtkRenderer* ren, const geopro::core::Grid& g, const geopro::core::ColorScale& cs)
-{
-    ren->RemoveAllViewProps();  // 清旧 actor，支持重复切换数据集
-
-    const int nx = g.nx(), ny = g.ny();
-    if (nx < 2 || ny < 2 || g.x.size() < 2 || g.y.size() < 2) {
-        ren->SetBackground(1, 1, 1);
-        ren->ResetCamera();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vtkNew<vtkImageData> img;
-    img->SetDimensions(nx, ny, 1);
-    img->SetOrigin(g.x[0], g.y[0], 0.0);
-    img->SetSpacing(g.x[1] - g.x[0], g.y[1] - g.y[0], 1.0);
-
-    vtkNew<vtkDoubleArray> sc;
-    sc->SetName("v");
-    sc->SetNumberOfTuples(static_cast<vtkIdType>(nx) * ny);
-    for (int j = 0; j < ny; ++j)
-        for (int i = 0; i < nx; ++i)
-            sc->SetValue(static_cast<vtkIdType>(j) * nx + i, g.valueAt(i, j));  // i 最快
-    img->GetPointData()->SetScalars(sc);
-
-    // vmin/vmax 来自 Grid；若退化（==）则用数据极值兜底，避免 LUT/contour 退化。
-    double vmin = g.vmin, vmax = g.vmax;
-    if (vmin >= vmax) {
-        const auto& vals = g.values();
-        vmin = vals.empty() ? 0.0 : vals.front();
-        vmax = vmin;
-        for (double v : vals) {
-            if (v < vmin) vmin = v;
-            if (v > vmax) vmax = v;
-        }
-        if (vmin >= vmax) vmax = vmin + 1.0;
-    }
-
-    // 256 级 LUT，按 ColorScale 阶梯取色。
-    const int N = 256;
-    vtkNew<vtkLookupTable> lut;
-    lut->SetNumberOfTableValues(N);
-    lut->SetTableRange(vmin, vmax);
-    for (int t = 0; t < N; ++t) {
-        const double val = vmin + (vmax - vmin) * t / (N - 1);
-        const auto c = cs.colorAt(val);
-        lut->SetTableValue(t, c.r / 255.0, c.g / 255.0, c.b / 255.0, 1.0);
-    }
-    lut->Build();
-
-    vtkNew<vtkDataSetSurfaceFilter> surf;
-    surf->SetInputData(img);
-
-    vtkNew<vtkBandedPolyDataContourFilter> banded;
-    banded->SetInputConnection(surf->GetOutputPort());
-    banded->GenerateValues(20, vmin, vmax);
-    banded->GenerateContourEdgesOn();
-    banded->SetScalarModeToValue();
-
-    vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper;
-    mapper->SetInputConnection(banded->GetOutputPort());
-    mapper->SetScalarModeToUseCellData();
-    mapper->SetLookupTable(lut);
-    mapper->SetScalarRange(vmin, vmax);
-    vtkNew<vtkActor> bands;
-    bands->SetMapper(mapper);
-
-    vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> edgeMapper;
-    edgeMapper->SetInputConnection(banded->GetOutputPort(1));  // contour edges
-    edgeMapper->ScalarVisibilityOff();
-    vtkNew<vtkActor> edges;
-    edges->SetMapper(edgeMapper);
-    edges->GetProperty()->SetColor(0, 0, 0);
-    edges->GetProperty()->SetLineWidth(0.6);
-
-    ren->AddActor(bands);
-    ren->AddActor(edges);
-    ren->SetBackground(1, 1, 1);
-    ren->GetActiveCamera()->ParallelProjectionOn();
-    ren->ResetCamera();
-}
-
 // 从对象结构树构建 QTreeWidget：GS → TM → DS 三层；DS 项在 UserRole 存 dsId。
 void populateTree(QTreeWidget* tree, const std::vector<geopro::data::GsNode>& gss)
 {
@@ -159,20 +73,69 @@ std::string readPem(const std::string& path)
 
 // 在给定 QMainWindow 上构建 M1 工作台：ADS 三栏 + 对象树 → 渲染联动 + 属性面板。
 // repo 生命周期须覆盖到事件循环结束（由调用方保证）。
+// 相机模式：默认二维俯视。
+enum class CameraMode { Top2D, Free3D };
+
 void buildWorkbench(QMainWindow& window, geopro::data::LocalSampleRepository& repo)
 {
-    // 中央 QVTK 视图（指针供联动回调使用）。
+    // 中央 QVTK 视图（指针供联动回调使用）。renderer 由 render::Scene 持有。
+    // Scene 需在 lambda 回调期间存活 ⇒ 堆分配，挂到 window 父链随窗口销毁。
+    auto* scene = new geopro::render::Scene();
     auto* vtkWidget = new QVTKOpenGLStereoWidget();
+    // Scene 非 QObject：用 widget 销毁信号清理，避免泄漏（widget 随 window 销毁）。
+    QObject::connect(vtkWidget, &QObject::destroyed, [scene]() { delete scene; });
     vtkNew<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow> renderWindow;
     vtkWidget->setRenderWindow(renderWindow);
-    vtkNew<vtkRenderer> renderer;
-    renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
+    renderWindow->AddRenderer(scene->renderer());
+
+    // 当前相机模式（默认二维）。用 shared_ptr 让多个 lambda 共享同一状态。
+    auto cameraMode = std::make_shared<CameraMode>(CameraMode::Top2D);
+    vtkRenderer* rendererPtr = scene->renderer();
+    vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow* renderWindowPtr = renderWindow.Get();
+    auto applyCurrentCamera = [rendererPtr, cameraMode]() {
+        if (*cameraMode == CameraMode::Top2D)
+            geopro::render::applyTop2D(rendererPtr);
+        else
+            geopro::render::applyFree3D(rendererPtr);
+    };
 
     auto* dockManager = new ads::CDockManager(&window);
     window.setCentralWidget(dockManager);
 
-    auto* vtkDock = new ads::CDockWidget(QStringLiteral("二维剖面视图"));
-    vtkDock->setWidget(vtkWidget);
+    // 中央剖面容器：顶部 2D/3D 工具条 + 下方 QVTK 视图。
+    auto* centerWidget = new QWidget();
+    auto* centerLayout = new QVBoxLayout(centerWidget);
+    centerLayout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    centerLayout->setSpacing(0);
+
+    auto* viewToolBar = new QToolBar();
+    auto* cameraGroup = new QActionGroup(viewToolBar);
+    cameraGroup->setExclusive(true);
+    auto* act2D = viewToolBar->addAction(QStringLiteral("二维"));
+    auto* act3D = viewToolBar->addAction(QStringLiteral("三维"));
+    act2D->setCheckable(true);
+    act3D->setCheckable(true);
+    cameraGroup->addAction(act2D);
+    cameraGroup->addAction(act3D);
+    act2D->setChecked(true);  // 默认二维
+    centerLayout->addWidget(viewToolBar);
+    centerLayout->addWidget(vtkWidget, 1);
+
+    QObject::connect(act2D, &QAction::triggered, vtkWidget,
+                     [cameraMode, rendererPtr, renderWindowPtr]() {
+                         *cameraMode = CameraMode::Top2D;
+                         geopro::render::applyTop2D(rendererPtr);
+                         renderWindowPtr->Render();
+                     });
+    QObject::connect(act3D, &QAction::triggered, vtkWidget,
+                     [cameraMode, rendererPtr, renderWindowPtr]() {
+                         *cameraMode = CameraMode::Free3D;
+                         geopro::render::applyFree3D(rendererPtr);
+                         renderWindowPtr->Render();
+                     });
+
+    auto* vtkDock = new ads::CDockWidget(QStringLiteral("剖面视图"));
+    vtkDock->setWidget(centerWidget);
     dockManager->addDockWidget(ads::CenterDockWidgetArea, vtkDock);
 
     // 左 dock：对象树。
@@ -193,18 +156,20 @@ void buildWorkbench(QMainWindow& window, geopro::data::LocalSampleRepository& re
     dockManager->addDockWidget(ads::RightDockWidgetArea, rightDock);
 
     // 联动：点击 DS 项 → 加载 grid/colorScale → 渲染 + 更新属性。
-    // VTK 对象（renderer/renderWindow）按【裸指针值】捕获：底层对象被 widget/renderWindow
-    // 引用计数持有（widget 父链挂到 window），生命周期覆盖事件循环；按值捕获避免
-    // buildWorkbench 返回后 vtkNew 局部变量析构导致悬空引用。repo 由调用方保活。
-    vtkRenderer* rendererPtr = renderer.Get();
-    vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow* renderWindowPtr = renderWindow.Get();
-    auto renderDataset = [&repo, rendererPtr, renderWindowPtr, propLabel](QTreeWidgetItem* item) {
+    // Scene/renderWindow 按【裸指针值】捕获：Scene 挂 window 父链、renderer 被 renderWindow
+    // 引用计数持有，生命周期覆盖事件循环。repo 由调用方保活。
+    auto renderDataset = [&repo, scene, renderWindowPtr, applyCurrentCamera, propLabel](
+                             QTreeWidgetItem* item) {
         const QString id = item->data(0, Qt::UserRole).toString();
         if (id.isEmpty()) return;  // GS/TM 节点无 dsId，忽略
         const std::string dsId = id.toStdString();
         const auto g = repo.loadGrid(dsId);
         const auto cs = repo.loadColorScale(dsId);
-        renderGrid(rendererPtr, g, cs);
+        scene->clear();
+        const auto actors = geopro::render::buildGridContour(g, cs);
+        scene->addActor(actors.bands);
+        scene->addActor(actors.edges);
+        applyCurrentCamera();  // 按当前 2D/3D 模式重设相机
         renderWindowPtr->Render();
         propLabel->setText(QStringLiteral("数据集: %1\n网格: %2 x %3\nvmin / vmax: %4 / %5")
                                .arg(item->text(0))
diff --git a/src/render/CMakeLists.txt b/src/render/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dffef63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+find_package(VTK REQUIRED COMPONENTS CommonCore CommonDataModel FiltersGeometry FiltersModeling RenderingOpenGL2 InteractionStyle)
+add_library(geopro_render STATIC
+  Scene.cpp ColorLutBuilder.cpp CameraPreset.cpp actors/GridContourActor.cpp)
+target_include_directories(geopro_render PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(geopro_render PUBLIC geopro_core ${VTK_LIBRARIES})
+target_compile_features(geopro_render PUBLIC cxx_std_17)
+set_target_properties(geopro_render PROPERTIES AUTOMOC OFF AUTOUIC OFF AUTORCC OFF)
+vtk_module_autoinit(TARGETS geopro_render MODULES ${VTK_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/src/render/CameraPreset.cpp b/src/render/CameraPreset.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70b809c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/CameraPreset.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "CameraPreset.hpp"
+
+#include <vtkCamera.h>
+
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+namespace {
+// 三维斜视方位角 / 仰角。
+constexpr double kAzimuth = 30.0;
+constexpr double kElevation = 25.0;
+}  // namespace
+
+void applyTop2D(vtkRenderer* r)
+{
+    if (!r) return;
+    auto* c = r->GetActiveCamera();
+    c->ParallelProjectionOn();
+    // 正对 XY 平面：position 在 +Z，focalpoint 在原点（ResetCamera 会重定位到场景中心），viewUp = +Y。
+    c->SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0);
+    c->SetPosition(0, 0, 1);
+    c->SetViewUp(0, 1, 0);
+    r->ResetCamera();
+}
+
+void applyFree3D(vtkRenderer* r)
+{
+    if (!r) return;
+    auto* c = r->GetActiveCamera();
+    c->ParallelProjectionOff();
+    // 先回到俯视基准，再叠加方位 / 仰角，得到稳定的斜视立体视角。
+    c->SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0);
+    c->SetPosition(0, 0, 1);
+    c->SetViewUp(0, 1, 0);
+    c->Azimuth(kAzimuth);
+    c->Elevation(kElevation);
+    c->OrthogonalizeViewUp();
+    r->ResetCamera();
+}
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/src/render/CameraPreset.hpp b/src/render/CameraPreset.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008ed30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/CameraPreset.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vtkRenderer.h>
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+// 俯视二维：正交投影，相机在 +Z 正对 XY 平面。
+void applyTop2D(vtkRenderer* r);
+
+// 自由三维：透视投影，斜视方位看到剖面立体。
+void applyFree3D(vtkRenderer* r);
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/src/render/ColorLutBuilder.cpp b/src/render/ColorLutBuilder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4df643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/ColorLutBuilder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "ColorLutBuilder.hpp"
+
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+vtkSmartPointer<vtkLookupTable> buildLut(const geopro::core::ColorScale& cs, double vmin, double vmax, int n)
+{
+    if (n < 2) n = 2;  // 至少两级，避免 (n-1) 退化
+    auto lut = vtkSmartPointer<vtkLookupTable>::New();
+    lut->SetNumberOfTableValues(n);
+    lut->SetTableRange(vmin, vmax);
+    for (int t = 0; t < n; ++t) {
+        const double val = vmin + (vmax - vmin) * t / (n - 1);
+        const auto c = cs.colorAt(val);
+        lut->SetTableValue(t, c.r / 255.0, c.g / 255.0, c.b / 255.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    lut->Build();
+    return lut;
+}
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/src/render/ColorLutBuilder.hpp b/src/render/ColorLutBuilder.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5335a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/ColorLutBuilder.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
+#include <vtkLookupTable.h>
+#include "model/ColorScale.hpp"
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+// 由 core 阶梯色阶构建 N 级 vtkLookupTable，区间 [vmin, vmax]。
+vtkSmartPointer<vtkLookupTable> buildLut(const geopro::core::ColorScale& cs, double vmin, double vmax, int n = 256);
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/src/render/Scene.cpp b/src/render/Scene.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1d28b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/Scene.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "Scene.hpp"
+
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+Scene::Scene() : renderer_(vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New())
+{
+    renderer_->SetBackground(1, 1, 1);  // 白底
+}
+
+void Scene::clear()
+{
+    renderer_->RemoveAllViewProps();
+}
+
+void Scene::addActor(vtkActor* a)
+{
+    if (a) renderer_->AddActor(a);
+}
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/src/render/Scene.hpp b/src/render/Scene.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cb49e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/Scene.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
+#include <vtkRenderer.h>
+#include <vtkActor.h>
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+// 单一渲染场景：持有 vtkRenderer（白底），统一管理 actor 的加入与清除。
+// 不持有 RenderWindow（由 app 的 QVTK widget 承载，把 renderer() 加入其 RenderWindow）。
+class Scene {
+public:
+    Scene();
+
+    vtkRenderer* renderer() const { return renderer_.Get(); }
+
+    void clear();                  // 移除所有 view prop，支持重复切换数据集
+    void addActor(vtkActor* a);    // actor 由 renderer 引用计数保活
+
+private:
+    vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/src/render/actors/GridContourActor.cpp b/src/render/actors/GridContourActor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ae4d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/actors/GridContourActor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include "actors/GridContourActor.hpp"
+
+#include <vtkBandedPolyDataContourFilter.h>
+#include <vtkDataSetSurfaceFilter.h>
+#include <vtkDoubleArray.h>
+#include <vtkImageData.h>
+#include <vtkNew.h>
+#include <vtkPointData.h>
+#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
+#include <vtkProperty.h>
+
+#include "ColorLutBuilder.hpp"
+
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+namespace {
+
+// banded contour 的色带级数（设计默认 20）。
+constexpr int kBandCount = 20;
+// LUT 级数。
+constexpr int kLutLevels = 256;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+GridActors buildGridContour(const geopro::core::Grid& g, const geopro::core::ColorScale& cs)
+{
+    const int nx = g.nx(), ny = g.ny();
+
+    // 退化网格：返回空 actor（调用方仍可安全 addActor，但 mapper 无输入则不绘制）。
+    if (nx < 2 || ny < 2 || g.x.size() < 2 || g.y.size() < 2) {
+        return GridActors{};
+    }
+
+    vtkNew<vtkImageData> img;
+    img->SetDimensions(nx, ny, 1);
+    img->SetOrigin(g.x[0], g.y[0], 0.0);
+    img->SetSpacing(g.x[1] - g.x[0], g.y[1] - g.y[0], 1.0);
+
+    vtkNew<vtkDoubleArray> sc;
+    sc->SetName("v");
+    sc->SetNumberOfTuples(static_cast<vtkIdType>(nx) * ny);
+    for (int j = 0; j < ny; ++j)
+        for (int i = 0; i < nx; ++i)
+            sc->SetValue(static_cast<vtkIdType>(j) * nx + i, g.valueAt(i, j));  // i 最快
+    img->GetPointData()->SetScalars(sc);
+
+    // vmin/vmax 来自 Grid；若退化（==）则用数据极值兜底，避免 LUT/contour 退化。
+    double vmin = g.vmin, vmax = g.vmax;
+    if (vmin >= vmax) {
+        const auto& vals = g.values();
+        vmin = vals.empty() ? 0.0 : vals.front();
+        vmax = vmin;
+        for (double v : vals) {
+            if (v < vmin) vmin = v;
+            if (v > vmax) vmax = v;
+        }
+        if (vmin >= vmax) vmax = vmin + 1.0;
+    }
+
+    auto lut = buildLut(cs, vmin, vmax, kLutLevels);
+
+    vtkNew<vtkDataSetSurfaceFilter> surf;
+    surf->SetInputData(img);
+
+    vtkNew<vtkBandedPolyDataContourFilter> banded;
+    banded->SetInputConnection(surf->GetOutputPort());
+    banded->GenerateValues(kBandCount, vmin, vmax);
+    banded->GenerateContourEdgesOn();
+    banded->SetScalarModeToValue();
+
+    vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper;
+    mapper->SetInputConnection(banded->GetOutputPort());
+    mapper->SetScalarModeToUseCellData();
+    mapper->SetLookupTable(lut);
+    mapper->SetScalarRange(vmin, vmax);
+
+    auto bands = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
+    bands->SetMapper(mapper);
+
+    vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> edgeMapper;
+    edgeMapper->SetInputConnection(banded->GetOutputPort(1));  // contour edges
+    edgeMapper->ScalarVisibilityOff();
+
+    auto edges = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
+    edges->SetMapper(edgeMapper);
+    edges->GetProperty()->SetColor(0, 0, 0);
+    edges->GetProperty()->SetLineWidth(0.6);
+
+    return GridActors{bands, edges};
+}
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/src/render/actors/GridContourActor.hpp b/src/render/actors/GridContourActor.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26e584a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render/actors/GridContourActor.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
+#include <vtkActor.h>
+#include "model/Field.hpp"
+#include "model/ColorScale.hpp"
+namespace geopro::render {
+
+// banded contour 的两个 actor：填充色带 + 黑色等值线。
+struct GridActors {
+    vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> bands;
+    vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> edges;
+};
+
+// 把 core 网格 + 色阶渲染为 banded contour actor（不操作 renderer，由调用方加入场景）。
+GridActors buildGridContour(const geopro::core::Grid& g, const geopro::core::ColorScale& cs);
+
+}  // namespace geopro::render
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index f6f9264..703dcdf 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -55,4 +55,11 @@ if(WIN32)
     COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS)
 endif()
 
+# render 层：ColorLutBuilder（core ColorScale -> vtkLookupTable）。
+# 需 vtkLookupTable（VTK::CommonCore）；geopro_render 已 PUBLIC 传递其余 VTK 组件。
+find_package(VTK REQUIRED COMPONENTS CommonCore)
+target_sources(geopro_tests PRIVATE render/test_color_lut.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(geopro_tests PRIVATE geopro_render ${VTK_LIBRARIES})
+vtk_module_autoinit(TARGETS geopro_tests MODULES ${VTK_LIBRARIES})
+
 add_subdirectory(spike)   # spike S3: banded contour 渲染验证
diff --git a/tests/render/test_color_lut.cpp b/tests/render/test_color_lut.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6140acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/render/test_color_lut.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "ColorLutBuilder.hpp"
+#include "model/ColorScale.hpp"
+
+using namespace geopro::core;
+
+// buildLut 对阶梯色阶取下界：val=2.0 落在 [0,10) -> 蓝档，蓝分量应大于红分量。
+TEST(ColorLut, BuildsSteppedLutFromColorScale) {
+    ColorScale cs;
+    cs.addStop(0.0, Rgba{0, 0, 255, 255});   // 蓝
+    cs.addStop(10.0, Rgba{255, 0, 0, 255});  // 红
+
+    auto lut = geopro::render::buildLut(cs, 0.0, 10.0, 256);
+    ASSERT_NE(lut.GetPointer(), nullptr);
+
+    double rgb[3];
+    lut->GetColor(2.0, rgb);  // [0,10) -> 蓝
+
+    EXPECT_GT(rgb[2], rgb[0]);  // 蓝 > 红
+    EXPECT_GT(rgb[2], 0.5);     // 接近纯蓝
+}