diff --git a/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.cpp b/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.cpp
index 2593f7f..648d6c3 100644
--- a/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.cpp
+++ b/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.cpp
@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
 
 #include <vtkCamera.h>
 #include <vtkCellPicker.h>
+#include <vtkMath.h>
 #include <vtkNew.h>
 #include <vtkObjectFactory.h>
+#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
 #include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
 #include <vtkRenderer.h>
+#include <vtkTransform.h>
 
 namespace geopro::render::interact {
 
@@ -74,30 +77,55 @@ void PickInteractorStyle::OnLeftButtonDown() {
         // 单击命中 → 选中所在切片（onPick 内仅选中, 不动相机）。
         if (onPick) onPick(world);
     }
-    // D39: 有选中三维体/切片时，按下开始拖动前把焦点设到其中心——焦点与位置同步平移同一 delta，
-    //   视向/距离不变(画面不跳)，之后默认 TrackballCamera 即绕该中心旋转。无选中则绕默认焦点。
-    //   只在"按下"时设(不是选中时)，故切换点选切片不会跳。
-    if (getRotateCenter && iren) {
-        Vec3 c;
-        if (getRotateCenter(c)) {
-            const int* p2 = iren->GetEventPosition();
-            if (auto* ren = iren->FindPokedRenderer(p2[0], p2[1])) {
-                if (auto* cam = ren->GetActiveCamera()) {
-                    double f[3], pp[3];
-                    cam->GetFocalPoint(f);
-                    cam->GetPosition(pp);
-                    cam->SetFocalPoint(c[0], c[1], c[2]);
-                    cam->SetPosition(pp[0] + (c[0] - f[0]), pp[1] + (c[1] - f[1]),
-                                     pp[2] + (c[2] - f[2]));
-                    ren->ResetCameraClippingRange();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    // 始终保留 TrackballCamera 默认拖动（旋转/平移）。
+    // 不在按下时动相机（动相机=跳）；绕选中物旋转在 Rotate() 内做（增量绕支点，不跳）。
     Superclass::OnLeftButtonDown();
 }
 
+void PickInteractorStyle::Rotate() {
+    Vec3 c;
+    if (!this->CurrentRenderer || !getRotateCenter || !getRotateCenter(c)) {
+        Superclass::Rotate();  // 无选中物 → 默认绕焦点旋转
+        return;
+    }
+    auto* rwi = this->Interactor;
+    auto* cam = this->CurrentRenderer->GetActiveCamera();
+    if (!rwi || !cam) return;
+    const int dx = rwi->GetEventPosition()[0] - rwi->GetLastEventPosition()[0];
+    const int dy = rwi->GetEventPosition()[1] - rwi->GetLastEventPosition()[1];
+    const int* size = this->CurrentRenderer->GetRenderWindow()->GetSize();
+    if (size[0] <= 0 || size[1] <= 0) return;
+    // 与 TrackballCamera 同口径的角度映射。
+    const double azimuth = dx * (-20.0 / size[0]) * this->MotionFactor;
+    const double elevation = dy * (-20.0 / size[1]) * this->MotionFactor;
+
+    double up[3], dop[3], right[3];
+    cam->GetViewUp(up);
+    cam->GetDirectionOfProjection(dop);  // 归一化的 (focal-pos)
+    vtkMath::Cross(dop, up, right);       // 屏幕"右"轴
+    vtkMath::Normalize(right);
+
+    // 绕中心 c 的支点：T(c)·R(up,azimuth)·R(right,elevation)·T(-c)，作用于 position/focal；up 只转不平移。
+    vtkNew<vtkTransform> t;
+    t->Identity();
+    t->Translate(c[0], c[1], c[2]);
+    t->RotateWXYZ(azimuth, up[0], up[1], up[2]);
+    t->RotateWXYZ(elevation, right[0], right[1], right[2]);
+    t->Translate(-c[0], -c[1], -c[2]);
+
+    double pos[3], foc[3], npos[3], nfoc[3], nup[3];
+    cam->GetPosition(pos);
+    cam->GetFocalPoint(foc);
+    t->TransformPoint(pos, npos);
+    t->TransformPoint(foc, nfoc);
+    t->TransformVector(up, nup);  // 仅旋转部分作用于向量
+    cam->SetPosition(npos);
+    cam->SetFocalPoint(nfoc);
+    cam->SetViewUp(nup);
+    cam->OrthogonalizeViewUp();
+    if (this->AutoAdjustCameraClippingRange) this->CurrentRenderer->ResetCameraClippingRange();
+    rwi->Render();
+}
+
 void PickInteractorStyle::OnMouseWheelForward() {
     if (onWheelStep && onWheelStep(+1)) return;  // 有选中切片 → 推进，消费滚轮
     Superclass::OnMouseWheelForward();           // 否则默认缩放
diff --git a/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.hpp b/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.hpp
index 8478b8b..294490a 100644
--- a/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.hpp
+++ b/src/render/interact/PickInteractorStyle.hpp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ public:
     void OnLeftButtonDown() override;
     void OnMouseWheelForward() override;
     void OnMouseWheelBackward() override;
+    // 绕选中物中心旋转(D39)：有 getRotateCenter 时, 绕该中心增量旋转整个相机(位置+焦点+up),
+    //   中心在世界/屏幕都不动→不跳; 否则回退默认(绕焦点)。
+    void Rotate() override;
 
 protected:
     PickInteractorStyle() = default;